Pain in the neck and extremities, among other symptoms, may occur when an intervertebral disc herniates – when the annulus fibrosus (tough, outer ring) of the disc tears and the nucleus pulposus (soft, jelly-like center) squeezes out and places pressure on neural structures, such as nerve roots or the spinal …

If you find that you have had low back pain for more than six weeks and pain does not respond to conservative treatment, this procedure may be for you. Upon a physical examination, if palpation of facet joints demonstrate deep tenderness and muscle spasm, relief from this pain …

Endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy is also a minimally invasive surgery for such conditions as lumbar spine degeneration, spinal stenosis, foraminal narrowing, radiculitis, radiculopathy, spondylolisthesis, recurring disc herniation, spinal instability or for prior failed surgery.
Symptoms that may indicate the need for this type of treatment include radiation of pain into extremities as …

Percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD) is a type of surgery in which a laser probe is inserted into the intervertebral disc space and laser energy applied for achieving decompression and neuromodulation thereby relieving the pain. PLDD is a minimally invasive procedure that falls into the category of percutaneous intervertebral surgeries …

SED is a method of spinal surgery that announced the beginning of the period of minimally invasive spinal neurosurgery in the nineties of the past century. An American neurosurgeon Parviz Kambin was the first who in 1991. published the results of the treatment he called arthroscopic microdiscectomy. Since then, with …

METRx ® tubular system for spinal surgery is a less invasive version of traditional spine surgery in which tubular retractor is applied by using microsurgical techniques to achieve nerve and spinal cord decompression and spine stability. For the first time invasive surgeries like microdiscectomy, laminotomy, foraminotomy …